home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
USA Bestseller
/
USA BESTSELLER Vol 1-95 (Hepp-Computer)(1995).iso
/
e182
/
read.me
< prev
Wrap
Text File
|
1993-09-25
|
19KB
|
338 lines
German Vocabulary Drill
(C) Copyright 1993
by Barry A. Traver
INTRODUCTION
Want to learn or review some German/English vocabulary? Then this
program is for you! If you keep missing a word, it will keep asking you the
word until you get it right. When you're able to run through the whole list
without a mistake, you should have a good knowledge of the words. The
general approach (similar to using flashcards) is not new, but it works!
"Ho-hum. Another flashcard program. What's different about this one?"
Actually, this "German Vocabulary Drill" program is different in a number of
ways. It is a DOS program (you don't have to have Microsoft Windows to run
it), but it provides you with a friendly (Windows-style) "GUI" (Graphical
User Interface), so that you can make selections with command buttons and
option buttons, using either keyboard or mouse. (The program also runs fine
from Windows, by the way, if that's the way you prefer to run it.)
Using the program is as "intuitive" as possible. Except for some
"hidden features" (described later), separate written documentation is not
really necessary. The purpose of these notes is (1) to provide information
for those who do not have the program itself and (2) to indicate that there
are often additional ways of accomplishing the same action, if you prefer an
alternate way of doing something.
There are three different ways, for example, of making choices from the
Main Menu. First, you can use the tab key to move around the screen to the
area you want, and then use the space bar or enter key (in the case of a
command button) or the arrow keys (in the case of option buttons) to make
your selection. Second, you can use an appropriate letter key (or Alt-letter
combination) to choose a command button (e.g., "H" or "Alt-H" for "Help") or
option area (e.g., "T" or "Alt-T" for "Type of Test"). You can use the same
technique in an option area to choose a specific option (e.g., "C" or "Alt-C"
for "Completion"). (Look at the highlighted characters: they show you what
is possible.) Third, you can use the mouse to make your choice (simply put
the mouse cursor where you want, and then just click the left mouse button
appropriately). Any of these ways will work; just use whichever way is the
easiest one for you.
As with otherwise similar programs, you have a choice of two types of
drill: multiple-choice and completion. Keyboard can be used, of course,
with either, but if you don't like using the keyboard, the multiple-choice
section in this program can be worked through using only the mouse (no
keyboard needed). For the completion secion, of course, you do need to use
the keyboard, but one nice feature of the completion secion is that your
answer does not have to be exactly the same as what the computer is looking
for in order to be considered correct. (The program is "semi-intelligent" in
checking your response; more about that later).
If you like something to listen to while you work, some appropriate
music is provided (a well-known German Lutheran hymn, which I thought would
be suitable "music to learn German by") as well as some sound effects (to let
you and everyone else nearby know when you've made a mistake?). (The music
and sound effects use the normal PC internal speaker, so please do not expect
anything spectacular. The options are simply there to offer something extra
for those people who can't stand working in total silence.)
Music and sound effects can be toggled on and off by using Alt-M and
Alt-S at any time during the drill. Or, if you like, you can begin the
program with music and sound effects turned off by entering GERMAN /SILENT
rather than simply GERMAN when you first load the program. (The "/SILENT"
switch tells the program that you don't want music or sound effects.)
At any time while doing a drill, the drill can be restarted (timer reset
and a fresh start given on the list of words and phrases) by pressing Alt-R.
Or, if the user likes, he or she can escape to the Main Menu by pressing the
Esc key.
At the end of the drill (Completion or Multiple-Choice), in addition to
telling you your score and your time the program shows you the words that you
missed and how many times you missed them. (If you missed a lot, however, it
shows only a partial list so as not to discourage you.) That way you can
review your weak points and try again for a better score.
COMPLETION DRILL
This program is intended essentially for "rote drill" only. To be
correct, your typed answer must be fairly close to (but not necessarily
exactly the same as) what the computer is looking for. Since the gender of
nouns is important in learning German, when you type German nouns, you must
supply the proper definite article (der, das, or die) with the noun for your
answer to be regarded as correct.
That's the bad news; here's the good news. When you are asked for the
singular form of a German word, supplying the plural form is optional, even
when the program may suggest that you supply the German word "with pl."!
Supplying both forms, however, is recommended for (a) higher-level German
students and (b) show-offs. <grin> If you do decide to provide the plural
form in addition to the singular, here's how you should do it: (1) Just
provide the plural ending (unless the noun adds an umlaut in the plural, in
which case you should provide the whole word in the plural to show that you
know where the umlaut goes). (2) Do not include the definite article with
the plural form. (It's always "die" in the plural anyway!)
You have a choice of three ways to type special German characters (ä, ö,
ü, ß, Ä, Ö, and Ü):
#1 #2 #3 Result
a" or "a Alt-a F1 ä
a" or "a Alt-a F1 ä
o" or "o Alt-o F2 ö
u" or "u Alt-u F3 ü
B Alt-b or Alt-B F4 ß
A" or "A Alt-A (Alt-Shift-a) F5 Ä
O" or "O Alt-O (Alt-Shift-o) F6 Ö
U" or "U Alt-U (Alt-Shift-u) F7 Ü
Any of these ways will do the job. Just use whichever one is easiest for you
to use. (Incidentally, if you're printing out this file, you should use a
non-proportional type - such as Courier - if you want the preceding chart to
look right.)
It is easy to edit your text. The editing keys are essentially
identical with the keys used with the EDIT program supplied with DOS 5.0 and
DOS 6.0:
Move Cursor One Character Left: Left arrow or Ctrl-S
Move Cursor One Character Right: Right arrow or Ctrl-D
Move Cursor One Word Left: Ctrl-Left arrow or Ctrl-A
Move Cursor One Word Right: Ctrl-Right arrow or Ctrl-F
Move Cursor to Beginning of Text: Home or Ctrl-Q,S
Move Cursor to End of Text: End or Ctrl-Q,D
Move Cursor to Beginning of Field: Ctrl-Home or Ctrl-Q,R
Move Cursor to End of Field: Ctrl-End or Ctrl-Q,C
Toggle Typeover Mode: Insert or Ctrl-V
Delete Leading Blank Spaces: Shift-Tab
Delete Character to Left of Cursor: Backspace or Ctrl-H
Delete Character at the Cursor: Delete or Ctrl-G
Delete from Cursor to End of Word: Ctrl-T
Delete from Cursor to End of Field: Ctrl-Q,Y
Delete Entire Field: Ctrl-Y
(This program, by the way, does differ slightly from the way that the EDIT
program handles the editing keys for "Beginning of Field" and "End of Text,"
but I believe that most users who actually use those particular editing keys
will find their use in this program an improvement.)
Unlike most completion drill flashcard programs, this one checks out
your response in a semi-intelligent way. Thus, although your answer must be
close to what the computer is looking for, your response does not have to be
exactly the same to be considered correct. I know, a computer can never
fully take the place of an intelligent human being, but this program attempts
to be somewhat "artificially intelligent" in allowing a certain limited
flexibility in the responses.
Perhaps the best way to explain what I mean is by providing an example.
Some German words have more than one meaning. The German word "klein" can
mean "small" or "short" or "little." This program will grade any of these
responses as correct (and then show you a "more complete answer"). If you
are more complete in your answer and tell the program that "klein" means
"little, short, small" or "small, short, little" (note the use of a comma to
separate alternate meanings), the program will tell you that your answer is
"precisely on target."
Although the unregistered version of the program does not include many
parenthetical comments (comments within parentheses or brackets), the program
does work the same way with parenthetical comments (and it doesn't care
whether you use parentheses or brackets or the order in which you list them).
Your answer can be correct without including any of the parenthetical
comments that the computer includes in its "more complete answer," but after
you have mastered the minimum for a correct response, you can go on to learn
the "more complete answers" (including such things as alternate translations,
plural forms for German nouns, special forms for German verbs and other
parenthetical comments, etc.).
As I said, your response doesn't have to match up exactly with the
computer's "more complete answer" to be considered "correct" or even to be
considered "complete." If you provide at least one "right answer" (and no
"wrong answers") in your response, your answer is considered correct. To be
considered complete, your answer has to include everything in the program's
"more complete answer," but it does not have to be in the same order
(although you must put parenthetical comments within parentheses or
brackets).
The program is friendly in other respects as well, but I'll mention just
two examples right here. First, if you are giving the English definition for
a German infinitive, the word "to " is optional (that is, both "to thank" and
"thank" would be regarded as correct responses for "danken"). Second, commas
and semicolons are regarded as equivalent within parenthetical comments (that
is, comments enclosed with parentheses or brackets), so some flexibility is
allowed for punctuation.
Perhaps the best way to see how the program operates is to experiment
with it yourself to see how it offers a semi-intelligent response to your
answers. (To be sure, anything that is "semi-intelligent" must also be
"semi-unintelligent" - for example, the program will still regard some right
answers as "wrong" answers - but the completion drill in this program does
offer more flexibility than some other similar programs you may have seen.)
By the way, if the timer runs out before you have had chance to press
the enter key, not to worry: the program will still check out what you have
already typed, and if what you've typed is correct, you will receive credit
for it. If you're in the middle of typing a parenthetical comment when the
timer goes off, the program will disregard that comment. (One purpose of
this feature is to encourage you to take time to attempt to remember the
parenthetical comments without fear of being penalized for not having pressed
enter in time or for not having completed typing the comment in time.)
MULTIPLE-CHOICE DRILL
As indicated earlier, normal operation of the multiple choice section
can be achieved entirely with the mouse, with no use of the keyboard
necessary. To make your choice on a question, just put the mouse cursor on
the line containing the correct answer, and click the left mouse button.
When the bottom-line prompt says "PRESS SPACE BAR TO CONTINUE," click the
right mouse button instead (which is equivalent to pressing the space bar in
the multiple-choice section and, for that matter, often elsewhere in the
program). At the end of the drill, if you want to repeat the drill (i.e.,
restart the same drill) or escape to the Main Menu, you must do something a
bit more complicated: click on the appropriate phrase ("ALT-R TO REPEAT" or
"ESC TO ESCAPE TO MAIN MENU") in the bottom-line prompt "PRESS ALT-R TO
REPEAT OR ESC TO ESCAPE TO MAIN MENU." (That prompt is shown only at the
end of the drill. If you want to restart the drill earlier or escape earlier
to the Main Menu, I'm afraid that you will have to press Alt-R or Esc on the
keyboard in order to do so.)
"HIDDEN" FEATURES
For those teachers who might like to use this program with their
students, I have made a few features "hidden," i.e., accessible only through
certain key combinations not revealed on any of the screens. The three
"hidden" features are "Dictionary" (accessible by pressing Ctrl-Alt-D at the
Main Menu screen), "List of Words" (accessible by pressing Ctrl-Alt-L at the
"PRESS SPACE BAR TO START THE FUN" screen), and "Timer" (accessible by
pressing Ctrl-Alt-T at the "PRESS SPACE BAR TO START THE FUN" screen). You
must be at the appropriate screen for these special key presses to work.
Before accessing the Dictionary (which includes only the words and
phrases used in the program), you should set the "Language Prompt" on the
Main Menu to indicate whether you want to look up German words and phrases or
English words and phrases. (By the way, note that the Dictionary does not
support all the editing keys supported in the Completion drill, but it does
support the keys for special German characters.) If you want to turn the
"Timer" off for the Completion and Multiple-Choice drills, simply set it for
0 seconds. (I know, setting it to infinity would make more sense logically,
but there is no infinity key on the keyboard! <grin>)
CONCLUSION:
Disclaimer: Although a lot of work has gone into the writing of this
program, I do not guarantee its suitability for any particular purpose, nor
am I responsible for any negative consequences that may result from its use
or misuse. Since the program is in its first release (this is version 1.0
released in September 1993), I suspect that - considering the program's
programming complexity - some possible bugs may be discovered in the future
(even though I know of no bugs at the present time). I will, of course,
attempt to eliminate any bugs that should appear when such are called to my
attention and when a reasonable solution can be found. Equally important, I
hope to continue to add improvements to the program (suggestions are welcome
from registered users!) as long as interest continues to be shown in the
program.
This program is not free; rather, it is shareware. That means that you
get to "try it before you buy it." (A reasonable trial period for this type
of program is two weeks.) If you like the program, you should register it by
sending a check for $20 ($17 plus $3 shipping & handling) to me at the
address below. Registered owners will receive a version that will permit
them to use the program with their own German word lists. Sample German word
lists will be provided on the disk that I send, as well as samples of other
shareware programs from Genial Computerware. If you're interested in
mathematical games or educational software, let me hear from you!
Barry A. Traver
Genial Computerware
835 Green Valley Drive
Philadelphia, PA 19128
P.S. Below is a sample registration form that you can use to register if you
like the program. The important thing (in addition to enclosing your check,
of course <grin>) is that your name and address are legible so that I can get
back in touch with you right away, so please print or type your name and
address (especially if they are not printed on your check). Thank you!
======
REGISTRATION FORM FOR GERMAN VOCABULARY DRILL
OK. I understand that the German Vocabulary Drill program is sold "as
is" with "no warranties or guarantees" (like most other software?), but I do
like the program, and you deserve some money for the hard work you put into
it. Besides, I understand that if I send you a check for $20 ($17 plus $3
shipping and handling), you will send me a version of the program that will
allow me to use it with my own German word lists. I also understand that
you'll be sending me some sample German word lists and some other (shareware)
programs from Genial Computerware. So here's the money, so send the stuff!
Signature: _________________________________________________________________
(P L E A S E P R I N T !)
Name: ______________________________________________________________________
Address: ___________________________________________________________________
City: _______________________________ State: ________ Zip: __________
Home Phone (optional): _______________________ Date: ____________________
C O M M E N T S A N D S U G G E S T I O N S
(Here's the place to use if you would like to share comments on the program:
what you like, what you don't like, etc. If you have suggestions as to new
features that you'd like to see added - such as maybe the ability to print
out multiple choice tests or make your own music? - here's the place to let
me know what you would like to see added in a future version. Since you are
now a registered user, your thoughts are especially important to us!)
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(Please send this form to Barry Traver, Genial Computerware, 835 Green Valley
Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19128. Thank you.)